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A celebrated French philologist, philosopher, lexicographer, and author; born at Paris, Feb. 1, 1801; died there, June 2, 1881. He was one of the greatest linguists and scientists of the century, best known for his celebrated "Dictionary of the French Language" (1863-72). In addition to his labors as a philologist he contributed to various scientific and philosophical journals, was active in politics, translated the works of Hippocrates (10 vols., 1839-61), which admitted him to the Academy of Inscriptions, and Pliny's "Natural History" (1848), and wrote a "History of the French Language" (1862); "Studies of the Barbarians and the Middle Ages" (1867); "Medicine and Physicians" (1872); "Literature and History" (1875); "The Establishment of the Third Republic" (1880); and several treatises on Auguste Comte's positive philosophy, of which he was an ardent advocate. In 1871 he was elected to the French Academy.